I.WHAT IS HYPERPIGMENTATION

Hyperpigmentation is a medical term used to describe darker patches of skin. These patches result from excess melanin production, which can be caused by everything from acne scars and sun damage to hormone fluctuations

It is a common skin condition and it affects people of all skin types.

II.WHAT CAUSES HYPERPIGMENTATION

There are several causes of hyperpigmentation as it shows the picture bellow:

III.TYPES OF HYPERPIGMENTATION:

1. Post -inflammation

this is a result of injury or inflammation to the skin.

A common causes of this type is acne.

2. Reaction To Drug use

Certain medications, such as antimalarial drugs and tricyclic antidepressants, can cause hyperpigmentation. 

in this cases patches skin may turn gray.

3.Sunlight Exposure 

Freckles, age spots and other darkened skin patches can become darker or more pronounced when skin is exposed to the sun. 

4. Melasma

Believed to be caused by hormonal changes and may develop during pregnancy. Areas of hyper-pigmentation can appear most commonly on the stomach and face. 

IV.HYPERPIMENTATION TREATMENT:

We have two types of treatment:

*Cosmetics Procedures

1.Exfoliing Procedure like Chemical Peel reduce the appearance of hyper-pigmentation by removing the epidermis 

Deeper versions may also penetrate the middle layer of your skin (DERMIS) to produce more dramatic results. 

2. 2. CO2 Laser: this laser promotes collagen remodeling making them popular options fortreating fine lines, Wrinkles, skin laxity and age spots. Lightens and reduce pigmentation. 
3. 3. Fractional Laser: Break up the laser energy into thousands of tiny beans to treat only a fraction of skin in the area, which reduces downtime
4. 4. Mesotherapy whitening with glutathione and tranexamicacid nonsurgical techniques that uses micro -injection of pharmaceutical and homeopathic preparations, plant extracts vitamins, and other ingredients into subcutaneous fat.

*Lightening creams

They are a treatments that work with select ingredients to help decrease pigmentation. Many of these creams are available in stronger prescription forms. 

Topical treatments for lightening They’re usually applied once or twice a day to help lighten the skin over time.

-Common ingredients  For lightening products 

• Vitamine C (in the form of l-ascorbic acid)
• Retinol  (Derived from vitamin A  )
• Alpha Hydroxy acide:  such as glycolic, lactic, citric, malic, or tartaric acid, azelaic acid,kojic acid,salicylic acid.
• Hyperpigmentaline 
• hydroquinone
• licorice extract
• N-acetylglucosamine

vitamine B-3(niacinamide)